FLANGEOLET

Super Industries
“Global Manufacturer of Heavy & Custom Engineered Fasteners for Oil & Gas, Power & EPC Contractors.”

1. Industry Context & System Relevance

In high-integrity piping systems, branch connections represent one of the most critical structural discontinuities in the pressure boundary. A Flangeolet is deployed where a branch connection must not only maintain pressure integrity but also provide a detachable, flanged interface for downstream piping or equipment.

Role of Flangeolet in Piping Systems

A Flangeolet is used to create a reinforced branch outlet on a header pipe, while simultaneously providing a flanged connection for:

• Valve installation
• Instrumentation take-off
• Secondary pipeline connection
• Maintenance-accessible branch systems

It integrates branch reinforcement and flanged termination into a single engineered component.

Primary Application Domains

Flangeolets are used extensively in:

Oil & Gas Pipelines

• High-pressure transmission lines
• Pigging stations and bypass lines
• Metering skids

Refineries & Petrochemical Plants

• Process unit tie-ins
• Utility connections (steam, condensate)
• Flare systems

Offshore Platforms

• Compact piping layouts
• High fatigue and vibration zones

Power Plants

• Boiler feedwater systems
• High-pressure steam extraction points

LNG & Cryogenic Systems

• Controlled branch take-offs with minimal leakage risk

Hydrogen & High-Purity Systems

• Where flange accessibility is critical for inspection and replacement

Why Branch Reinforcement is Required

When a hole is introduced into a pipe to create a branch:

• The load-bearing cross-sectional area is reduced
• Stress flow is disrupted
• Local stress concentration increases significantly

Without reinforcement:

• Hoop stress increases locally
• Crack initiation risk rises
• Fatigue life reduces

Engineering Requirement

Branch connections must satisfy area replacement criteria per piping codes such as ASME B31.3.

Comparison with Other Branch Fittings

Fitting Type	Connection Type	Reinforcement	Outlet Type	Typical Use
Weldolet	Butt-weld	Integral	Plain pipe	Permanent branch
Sockolet	Socket weld	Moderate	Socket	Small bore
Threadolet	Threaded	Moderate	Threaded	Low pressure
Stub-in	Direct weld	External pad required	Pipe	Fabricated solution
Flangeolet	Butt-weld + Flange	Integral	Flanged	Detachable branch

Why Flange-Integrated Branch Connections Are Selected

Flangeolets are selected when:

• Frequent disassembly is required
• Equipment connection is needed
• Inspection accessibility is mandatory
• Field flexibility is necessary

They eliminate the need for:

• Separate flange welding
• Additional reinforcement pads
• Complex fabrication

2. Technical Definition of Flangeolet

A Flangeolet is defined as:

An integrally reinforced branch connection fitting with a contoured butt-weld inlet and an integral flanged outlet, designed in accordance with MSS SP-97 for installation on a header pipe.

Key Characteristics

• Inlet End: Contoured to match header pipe curvature
• Connection: Butt-weld to header
• Outlet: Integral flange (RF or RTJ)
• Design Basis: MSS SP-97
• Pressure Integrity: Equivalent to header pipe under design conditions

MSS SP-97 Compliance

MSS SP-97 defines:

• Dimensional requirements
• Reinforcement geometry
• Material specifications
• Pressure-temperature limits

Flangeolets under this standard:

• Provide self-reinforced geometry
• Eliminate need for reinforcement pads
• Maintain pressure boundary continuity

Geometry & Configuration

A Flangeolet consists of:

1. Branch Saddle (Contoured Base)
2. Reinforcement Hub
3. Integral Flange
4. Weld Bevel Interface

Pressure Boundary Characteristics

• Designed to withstand:
  • Internal pressure
  • External loads
  • Thermal expansion forces
• Stress is redistributed via reinforced hub geometry

3. Engineering & Reinforcement Principle

Branch Reinforcement Theory

Branch reinforcement is governed by area replacement method:

Area removed from header = Area compensated by reinforcement

Sources of Reinforcement

• Excess wall thickness of header
• Thickness of branch fitting
• Weld metal contribution

Stress Distribution Mechanism

In a pressurized pipe:

• Hoop stress flows circumferentially
• Branch opening interrupts stress flow
• Flangeolet redistributes stress via reinforced geometry

Internal Pressure Stress Flow

Without reinforcement:

• Stress lines converge at branch edge
• High localized stress occurs

With Flangeolet:

• Stress is smoothly redistributed
• Peak stress is reduced

Weld Integrity Considerations

Critical weld:

• Butt weld between header and Flangeolet

Requirements:

• Full penetration weld
• Qualified WPS (ASME Section IX)
• Controlled heat input

Reinforcement Pad vs Integrally Reinforced Fitting

Parameter	Reinforcement Pad	Flangeolet
Fabrication complexity	High	Low
Inspection difficulty	High	Low
Stress distribution	Non-uniform	Optimized
Fatigue resistance	Moderate	High

Fatigue Resistance Under Cyclic Pressure

Flangeolets perform better under:

• Pressure cycling
• Thermal cycling
• Vibration

Due to:

• Smooth stress transition
• Absence of sharp discontinuities

4. Pressure & Load Engineering

ASME Pressure Class Compatibility

Flangeolets are manufactured for:

• Class 150
• Class 300
• Class 600
• Class 900
• Class 1500
• Class 2500

Branch vs Header Pressure Relationship

Design considerations:

• Branch pressure must not exceed header rating
• Reinforcement must satisfy:
  • Internal pressure loads
  • External piping loads

Thermal Expansion Effects

Thermal loads cause:

• Axial stress
• Bending stress
• Secondary stress at branch

Flangeolet must accommodate:

• Expansion mismatch
• Anchor constraints

Cyclic Fatigue & Vibration

Critical in:

• Offshore systems
• Compressor discharge lines
• High-flow pipelines

Flangeolet advantages:

• Reduced stress concentration
• Improved fatigue life

Stress Intensification Factors (SIF)

Branch connections increase local stress.

Flangeolets:

• Have lower SIF compared to fabricated tees
• Improve system flexibility performance

Flexibility Analysis Relevance

Used in:

• CAESAR II simulations
• Stress modeling

Flangeolets are modeled as:

• Reinforced branch elements
• With defined SIF values

Burst Margin Philosophy

Design ensures:

• Burst pressure >> design pressure
• Safety margin aligned with ASME codes

Dimensional & Design Logic

Run Pipe vs Branch Size Relationship

• Branch size ≤ Run pipe size
• Typically:
  • 1/2″ to 24″ branch sizes
  • Larger sizes on request

Outlet Flange Rating

Defined as per:

• ASME B16.5
• Must match system rating

Centerline Geometry

• Branch centerline intersects header centerline
• Offset controlled for:
  • Flow efficiency
  • Structural balance

Welding Bevel Geometry

• 37.5° bevel typical
• Root gap controlled
• Machined for precision fit

Flange Face Types

• Raised Face (RF)
• Ring Type Joint (RTJ)

Dimensional Tolerances

Controlled for:

• Fit-up accuracy
• Alignment
• Welding quality

Surface Finish Requirements

• Flange face finish:
  • 125–250 AARH (typical RF)
• Machined surfaces:
  • Free from tool marks

5. Applicable Standards (ASTM / ASME / MSS / ISO)

The design, manufacture, and application of a Flangeolet are governed by a combination of dimensional, material, and piping code standards. Compliance with these standards ensures interchangeability, pressure integrity, and acceptance in EPC project environments.

MSS SP-97 — Primary Standard for Olets

Scope:

• Covers integrally reinforced branch outlet fittings
• Defines:
  • Geometry and contour
  • Reinforcement requirements
  • Dimensional tolerances
  • Marking requirements

Relevance to Flangeolet:

• Establishes the design basis for branch reinforcement
• Ensures compatibility with header pipe curvature
• Governs stress distribution characteristics

ASME B16.5 — Flanged Outlet Standard

Scope:

• Covers pipe flanges and flanged fittings from NPS ½” to 24”
• Defines:
  • Pressure classes (150–2500)
  • Bolt circle dimensions
  • Facing types (RF, RTJ)
  • Surface finish requirements

Application in Flangeolet:

• Governs the integral flange portion
• Ensures:
  • Interchangeability with mating flanges
  • Bolt alignment accuracy
  • Gasket sealing compatibility

ASME B31.3 — Process Piping Code

Scope:

• Governs design of piping systems in:
  • Refineries
  • Chemical plants
  • Petrochemical facilities

Relevance:

• Defines branch reinforcement rules
• Establishes:
  • Allowable stress limits
  • Load combinations
  • Flexibility requirements

Critical Clause:

• Branch connections must satisfy area replacement criteria

ASTM Material Standards

Define mechanical and chemical properties of materials used in Flangeolets.

Material Type	Standard
Carbon Steel	ASTM A105
Low Temp CS	ASTM A350 LF2
Stainless Steel	ASTM A182 F304 / F316
Alloy Steel	ASTM A182 F11 / F22
Duplex	ASTM A182 F51 / F53

EN / DIN / ISO Equivalents

For European and international projects:

System	Equivalent Standard
EN	EN 10253 / EN 1092
DIN	DIN 2615 / DIN 2633
ISO	ISO 7005

Standards Mapping to Service Conditions

Service Condition	Applicable Standards
High Pressure	ASME B16.5 + MSS SP-97
High Temperature	ASTM A182 Alloy Grades
Low Temperature	ASTM A350 LF2
Corrosive Service	ASTM A182 F316 / Duplex
Offshore	NACE + ASME + MSS

6. Material & Grade Options

Material selection for a Flangeolet is based on:

• Pressure-temperature conditions
• Corrosion environment
• Weldability
• Mechanical strength requirements

Carbon Steel

ASTM A105

• Standard forging grade
• Suitable for:
  • Ambient to moderate temperatures
  • General refinery service

Characteristics:

• Good weldability
• Moderate corrosion resistance
• Cost-effective

ASTM A350 LF2

• Designed for low-temperature service

Characteristics:

• Improved toughness
• Charpy impact tested
• Suitable for sub-zero conditions

Stainless Steel

ASTM A182 F304

• Austenitic stainless steel
• General corrosion resistance

ASTM A182 F316

• Molybdenum-enhanced grade

Advantages:

• Superior resistance to:
  • Chlorides
  • Marine environments
  • Chemical exposure

Duplex & Super Duplex Stainless Steel

• ASTM A182 F51 (Duplex)
• ASTM A182 F53 (Super Duplex)

Characteristics:

• High strength (≈2× austenitic SS)
• Excellent corrosion resistance
• Suitable for offshore and subsea

Alloy Steel

ASTM A182 F11 / F22

• Chromium-molybdenum steels

Applications:

• High-temperature service
• Power plants
• Steam lines

Material Selection Considerations

Parameter	Impact
Temperature	Determines allowable stress
Pressure	Requires higher strength
Corrosion	Drives SS/Duplex selection
Weldability	Influences fabrication
Cost	Project budget constraint

Material Comparison Table

Grade	Yield Strength (MPa)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Temperature Range	Corrosion Resistance	Typical Use
ASTM A105	250	485	-29°C to 425°C	Low	General oil & gas
ASTM A350 LF2	250	485	-46°C to 345°C	Low	Low-temp service
ASTM A182 F304	205	515	-196°C to 870°C	Moderate	Chemical plants
ASTM A182 F316	205	515	-196°C to 870°C	High	Marine / corrosive
Duplex F51	450	620	-50°C to 300°C	Very High	Offshore
Super Duplex F53	550	750	-50°C to 300°C	उत्कृष्ट	Subsea
F11	275	415	Up to 540°C	Moderate	Power
F22	415	585	Up to 600°C	Moderate	High-temp

7. Heat Treatment Information

Heat treatment ensures required mechanical properties and microstructural stability.

Normalizing

• Refines grain structure
• Improves uniformity

Used for:

• Carbon steel (A105)

Quenching & Tempering (Q&T)

• Increases strength and toughness

Used for:

• Alloy steels (F11, F22)

Solution Annealing

• Dissolves carbides
• Restores corrosion resistance

Used for:

• Stainless steel
• Duplex grades

Stress Relieving

• Reduces residual stresses from:
  • Forging
  • Machining

Heat Treatment Control Parameters

Parameter	Importance
Temperature control	Prevents grain coarsening
Cooling rate	Controls hardness
Holding time	Ensures uniformity

Hardness Control

• Prevents brittle failure
• Ensures machinability

Typical limits:

• CS: ≤ 187 HB
• Alloy: As per ASTM
• Duplex: Controlled to avoid phase imbalance

Microstructure Considerations

• Fine grain structure preferred
• Avoid:
  • Carbide precipitation
  • Sigma phase (duplex)

Charpy Impact Testing

Required for:

• Low-temperature service
• Offshore applications

Ensures:

• Toughness at design temperature

8. Manufacturing Process

The manufacturing of a Flangeolet follows a controlled, traceable sequence to ensure compliance with EPC project requirements.

Raw Material Inspection

• Mill test certificate verification
• PMI (Positive Material Identification)
• Visual inspection

Forging Process

Closed Die Forging

• For standard sizes
• Ensures dimensional consistency

Open Die Forging

• For large/custom sizes

Rough Machining

• Removal of excess material
• Preparation for precision machining

Branch Contour Machining

• CNC profiling to match pipe OD
• Ensures:
  • Full contact fit
  • Proper weld geometry

Flange Facing

• Machining of:
  • RF / RTJ face
  • Bolt holes
  • Bore

Drilling & Boring

• Bolt hole drilling
• Bore alignment with branch axis

Heat Treatment

• As per material specification
• Controlled furnace cycles

Surface Finishing

• Removal of scale
• Shot blasting (if required)

Marking & Traceability

Each Flangeolet is marked with:

• Heat number
• Material grade
• Size and rating
• Manufacturer identification

Traceability System

• Heat-wise traceability
• Linked to:
  • MTC
  • Inspection reports
  • Test certificates

9. Surface Finish Options

Surface protection depends on material and service environment.

Carbon Steel Protection

• Anti-rust coating
• Black oxide coating
• Zinc plating
• Hot-dip galvanizing

Stainless Steel Protection

• Pickling & passivation
• Removes:
  • Free iron
  • Surface contaminants

Flange Face Finish

As per ASME B16.5:

Face Type	Finish
RF	125–250 AARH
RTJ	Smooth, groove finish

Surface Finish Requirements

• No dents or scratches on sealing face
• Proper serration pattern for gasket seating
• Clean machining marks

A. Dimensional Tables

Dimensional control for a Flangeolet is governed by MSS SP-97 (branch geometry) and ASME B16.5 (flange interface). The following table provides representative engineering data used during design verification and procurement evaluation.

Note: Final dimensions depend on manufacturer design calculations and project specifications.

Typical Dimensional Table

Run Size (NPS)	Branch Size (NPS)	Flange Class	Center-to-Face (mm)	Hub Height (mm)	Approx Weight (kg)
6″	2″	300	140	85	8.5
8″	3″	300	165	95	12
10″	4″	600	190	110	18
12″	6″	600	220	130	28
16″	8″	900	260	150	45
20″	10″	1500	310	180	72

Dimensional Engineering Considerations

• Center-to-Face Distance:
  • Affects piping layout and isometric design
• Hub Height:
  • Determines reinforcement effectiveness
• Weight:
  • Required for:
    • Support design
    • Lifting planning
    • Transportation calculations

B. Pressure Rating Table

Pressure ratings of Flangeolets are derived from ASME B16.5 flange ratings combined with material allowable stresses.

Class vs Pressure vs Temperature (Carbon Steel Example)

Class	38°C (bar)	200°C (bar)	400°C (bar)
150	19.6	15.3	10.2
300	51.1	40.0	26.7
600	102.1	80.1	53.4
900	153.2	120.2	80.1
1500	255.3	200.3	133.5
2500	425.5	333.8	222.5

Engineering Notes

• Ratings reduce with temperature increase
• Material grade directly influences allowable stress
• Must comply with ASME B16.5 pressure-temperature tables

C. Torque Chart

Bolt tightening for the flange outlet of a Flangeolet must ensure proper gasket compression without overstressing bolts.

Indicative Torque Values (Carbon Steel Bolting)

Bolt Size	Torque (Nm) – Dry	Torque (Nm) – Lubricated
M16	120	90
M20	240	180
M24	410	310
M27	600	450
M30	820	615
M36	1450	1100

Torque Engineering Considerations

• Lubrication reduces friction → lower torque required
• Over-tightening may cause:
  • Flange distortion
  • Gasket damage
• Tightening sequence:
  • Cross-pattern method
  • Multi-stage tightening (30% → 60% → 100%)

D. Reinforcement Calculation Guide

Branch reinforcement for a Flangeolet must satisfy the area replacement requirement as per ASME B31.3.

Area Replacement Principle

   

Where:

• ( A_{required} ) = Area removed from header pipe
• ( A_{available} ) = Area provided by:
  • Excess pipe wall
  • Flangeolet reinforcement
  • Weld metal

Detailed Formula Representation

A_r = d \times t_h

   

Worked Example (Simplified)

Given:

• Header OD hole diameter (d) = 100 mm
• Header thickness (tₕ) = 10 mm

Area Removed:

   

Available Reinforcement:

• Flangeolet hub contribution = 700 mm²
• Excess pipe thickness = 200 mm²
• Weld metal = 150 mm²

   

Engineering Conclusion

Since:

   

→ Design is acceptable

Stress Check Logic

• Verify hoop stress around branch
• Confirm allowable stress limits
• Validate using piping code equations

E. Mechanical Property Table

Material	Yield Strength (MPa)	Tensile Strength (MPa)	Elongation (%)	Hardness (HB)
A105	250	485	22	≤187
LF2	250	485	22	≤187
F304	205	515	30	≤201
F316	205	515	30	≤201
Duplex F51	450	620	25	≤290
F22	415	585	20	≤220

F. Corrosion Resistance Table

Material	Corrosion Resistance	Chloride Resistance	Sour Service Suitability	Typical Environment
Carbon Steel	Low	Poor	Limited	Dry systems
SS304	Moderate	Moderate	Limited	General chemical
SS316	High	High	Good	Marine
Duplex	Very High	Excellent	Excellent	Offshore
Alloy Steel	Moderate	Low	Moderate	High-temp

10. Inspection & Quality Control Methods

Inspection of a Flangeolet is mandatory to ensure compliance with project specifications and international standards.

Positive Material Identification (PMI)

• Verifies alloy composition
• Conducted using:
  • XRF analyzer
• Ensures:
  • Correct grade selection
  • Traceability integrity

Ultrasonic Testing (UT)

• Detects internal discontinuities
• Applicable for:
  • Forged components
• Identifies:
  • Inclusions
  • Voids

Magnetic Particle Inspection (MPI)

• Surface and near-surface defect detection
• Applicable for:
  • Carbon and alloy steels

Dye Penetrant Inspection (DPI)

• Used for:
  • Stainless steel
• Detects:
  • Surface cracks
  • Porosity

Dimensional Inspection

Verification of:

• Branch contour
• Flange thickness
• Bolt hole alignment
• Centerline accuracy

Hardness Testing

Ensures compliance with:

• Material standards
• Heat treatment requirements

Hydro Testing

• Confirms pressure integrity
• Conducted as per project requirement

EN 10204 Certification

Certificate Type	Description
3.1	Manufacturer test certificate
3.2	Third-party witnessed certification

Third-Party Inspection

Typically conducted by:

• Client-appointed inspectors
• International agencies

Includes:

• Stage inspection
• Final inspection
• Documentation verification

Inspection Documentation Package

• Mill Test Certificates (MTC)
• Heat treatment charts
• NDT reports
• Dimensional reports
• PMI reports

11. Industries Served

A Flangeolet is deployed in piping systems where branch integrity, pressure containment, and maintainability through flanged connections are required. Its application spans sectors with high design pressure, temperature variation, and inspection-critical operations.

Oil & Gas Sector

Upstream (Exploration & Production)

• Wellhead piping systems
• Flowlines and gathering systems
• Injection and test lines

Engineering Requirement:

• High-pressure containment
• Resistance to cyclic loading
• Corrosion resistance (H₂S / CO₂ environments)

Midstream (Transportation & Storage)

• Cross-country pipelines
• Pumping stations
• Metering skids

Flangeolet Role:

• Instrument take-offs
• Bypass and isolation connections
• Pig launcher/receiver branch lines

Downstream (Refining & Processing)

• Process unit piping
• Utility systems
• Flare headers

Critical Factors:

• Elevated temperature service
• Chemical exposure
• Maintenance accessibility via flanged outlet

Refineries & Petrochemical Facilities

• Reactor feed lines
• Distillation units
• Heat exchanger connections

Reason for Flangeolet Selection:

• Allows periodic disassembly
• Eliminates need for field-fabricated flanged branches
• Ensures code-compliant reinforcement

LNG & Cryogenic Systems

• Liquefaction plants
• Storage terminals
• Cryogenic transfer lines

Engineering Considerations:

• Low-temperature toughness
• Leak-tight flange joints
• Material selection (LF2 / SS / Duplex)

Power Generation

Thermal Power Plants

• High-pressure steam lines
• Boiler feedwater systems

Combined Cycle Plants

• Gas turbine auxiliary systems
• Condensate lines

Material Preference:

• Alloy steels (F11, F22)
• High-temperature strength retention

Offshore & Marine Systems

• FPSO modules
• Subsea tie-ins
• Platform piping

Design Drivers:

• Vibration resistance
• Fatigue strength
• Corrosion resistance (Duplex / Super Duplex)

Hydrogen & Emerging Energy Systems

• Hydrogen transport lines
• Electrolyzer connections

Requirements:

• Material compatibility with hydrogen
• Leak-tight flange interfaces
• Reduced permeation risk

12. Export Capability & Global Supply

Super Industries supplies Flangeolet fittings to international EPC contractors and project owners with full compliance to documentation, packaging, and logistics requirements.

Export Regions

• United States
• Europe
• Middle East (UAE, Saudi Arabia, Qatar)
• Southeast Asia

Export Packaging

Designed to prevent:

• Mechanical damage
• Corrosion during transit
• Flange face damage

Typical Methods:

• Wooden crates (ISPM-15 compliant)
• Protective flange covers
• VCI wrapping for corrosion protection

Documentation Package

Each shipment includes:

• Commercial invoice
• Packing list
• Mill Test Certificates (EN 10204 3.1 / 3.2)
• NDT reports
• Heat treatment records
• Dimensional inspection reports

Logistics Coordination

• Containerized shipment (FCL / LCL)
• Breakbulk for oversized fittings
• Coordination with freight forwarders
• Delivery aligned with project schedules

PROCUREMENT & INSTALLATION VIEW

Welding Procedure (WPS / PQR Requirements)

Installation of a Flangeolet requires qualified welding procedures in accordance with ASME Section IX.

Welding Considerations

• Process:
  • GTAW / SMAW / SAW depending on size
• Preheat:
  • Required for carbon and alloy steels
• Interpass temperature control
• Post Weld Heat Treatment (if specified)

Critical Requirement

• Full penetration butt weld between:
  • Header pipe and Flangeolet inlet

13. Fit-Up & Alignment

Proper fit-up ensures:

• Uniform weld penetration
• Reduced residual stress

Alignment Checks

• Branch orientation angle
• Centerline alignment
• Gap uniformity

Flange Assembly & Bolt Tightening

The flange outlet of the Flangeolet must be assembled as per controlled bolting procedures.

Procedure

1. Insert gasket
2. Align bolt holes
3. Apply lubrication (if required)
4. Tighten using cross-pattern sequence
5. Apply torque in multiple stages

Gasket Selection

Depends on:

• Pressure class
• Temperature
• Fluid type

Common Types

• Spiral wound gasket
• Ring Type Joint (RTJ)
• Non-asbestos compressed sheets

Field Inspection Checkpoints

During installation:

• Weld visual inspection
• NDT (MPI/DPI) after welding
• Bolt torque verification
• Leak testing (if required)

CUSTOM ENGINEERING CAPABILITIES

Super Industries manufactures Flangeolet fittings for both standard and project-specific requirements.

Non-Standard Branch Sizes

• Custom run-to-branch ratios
• Special header curvature matching

Special Flange Ratings

• Beyond ASME B16.5 (on request)
• Custom drilling patterns

Heavy Wall / High Thickness Designs

• For high-pressure systems
• Increased reinforcement capability

Custom Metallurgy

• NACE-compliant materials
• Low-temperature grades
• Duplex / Super Duplex
• Nickel alloys (if specified)

Project-Specific Marking

• Client tagging
• Heat traceability
• QR / barcode integration (if required)

QUALITY & COMPLIANCE POSITION

A Flangeolet manufactured for EPC projects must demonstrate:

• Compliance with MSS SP-97 and ASME standards
• Verified mechanical properties
• Traceable material origin
• Documented inspection and testing

ENGINEERING CONCLUSION

A Flangeolet is a specialized branch connection fitting that integrates:

• Structural reinforcement
• Pressure boundary continuity
• Flanged connectivity

into a single engineered component.

From a Piping Engineering Perspective

It provides:

• Controlled stress distribution
• Reduced stress intensification
• Improved fatigue resistance

From a Fabrication Perspective

It:

• Eliminates reinforcement pads
• Reduces field welding complexity
• Improves dimensional consistency

From a Procurement Perspective

It offers:

• Standardized compliance (MSS SP-97, ASME B16.5)
• Interchangeability
• Reduced installation time

From an EPC Evaluation Perspective

A technically compliant Flangeolet demonstrates:

• Understanding of branch reinforcement theory
• Capability in precision forging and machining
• Adherence to international inspection standards

FINAL TECHNICAL POSITION

A properly designed and manufactured Flangeolet ensures that:

• The branch connection does not compromise the integrity of the header pipe
• The system maintains compliance with ASME pressure design codes
• The installation remains serviceable, inspectable, and maintainable throughout its lifecycle